INVESTIGATING HEAT FLOW FROM SKELETAL MUSCLES TO SKIN SURFACE: A THEORETICAL MODEL OF THERMAL DYNAMICS IN THE HYPODERMIS LAYER

Abstract

This study presents a theoretical model to investigate heat flow in human skin, focusing on the hypodermis layer, under physiological conditions. By examining the heat transfer from skeletal muscles to the skin surface, we explored the impact of muscle contractions on thermal dynamics. The mathematical equations are simplified using a conversion from Eulerian to Lagrangian variables, and boundary conditions are imposed. The findings indicate that skeletal muscle temperature decreases over time, with higher metabolic rates accelerating this decline, while increased blood perfusion rates decelerate it. Additionally, we model the temperature distribution in skeletal muscle during rhythmic contractions, employing bioheat transfer equations that incorporate muscle physiology, blood perfusion, and metabolic heat generation. Numerical methods are used to solve the model, providing insights into temperature distribution patterns influenced by contraction frequency and intensity. These results have significant implications for applications in sports science, medical diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.