BIOMINING: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF INNOVATIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE EXTRACTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION

Abstract

As global demand for minerals rises and high-grade ore deposits diminish, the mining industry grapples with the challenge of exploiting low-grade and refractory mineral ores to meet escalating needs. In response, a paradigm shift towards environmental sustainability has catalyzed significant advancements in biotechnology applications across various mining processes. This review explores the transformative role of microbial biotechnology in mineral beneficiation and metal extraction, with a primary emphasis on the bioleaching of gold and copper.

The paper navigates through the intricate realm of bioleaching, highlighting the application of bio-flux for both primary and secondary treatments of copper ores, showcasing its promising extraction outcomes and potential to mitigate passivation during leaching processes. The exploration extends to the treatment of refractory gold ores, unveiling the efficacy of high aeration stirred tank reactors in bolstering gold recovery rates.

Unraveling the complex interplay of microorganisms in bioleaching processes, this paper offers insights into the types of microorganisms pivotal to the extraction efficiency of gold and copper. Moreover, it underscores the significance of microbial involvement in controlling the mining environment, particularly through the destruction of cyanide and the prevention of acid mine drainage.

In essence, this comprehensive review illuminates the multifaceted contributions of biotechnology to the mining industry, not only as an efficient means of mineral extraction but also as a pivotal force in mitigating environmental challenges associated with mining operations. The findings underscore the transformative potential of biotechnological interventions, propelling the industry toward sustainable and environmentally conscious practices.